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1. 小児の急性肝不全：マネージメント、合併症、転帰　acute liver failure in children management complications and outcomes [show details]
…and inflammation . Elevated levels of ammonia are generated as a consequence of the failing liver, which leads to increased intracerebral concentrations. Ammonia enters the astrocyte, which is rich in glutamine …
2. 虚血性脳卒中の病態生理pathophysiology of ischemic stroke [show details]
…reversal of the normal process of glutamate uptake by astrocyte glutamate transporters, resulting in increased glutamate release . As a result of its increased release and decreased uptake, glutamate accumulates …
3. 肝性脳症：病因hepatic encephalopathy pathogenesis [show details]
… Swelling of astrocytes may be a key event in the development of HE . It has been assumed that one major pathogenetic effect in the development of HE in chronic liver disease is an increase in astrocyte hydration …
4. 高アンモニア血症患者への間欠的血液透析および持続的静静脈血液透析（血液濾過）intermittent dialysis and continuous modalities for patients with hyperammonemia [show details]
… pH, ammonium ions (NH4) are converted to ammonia (NH3), thereby increasing the ammonia concentration substantially . In brain astrocytes, ammonia is metabolized to glutamate; therefore, higher ammonia …
5. 視神経脊髄炎関連疾患neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [show details]
… primarily targets astrocytes ; the area postrema appears to be a preferential target of AQP4-IgG antibodies that bind to astrocyte AQP4 water channels, leading to astrocyte dysfunction and… These suggest that NMOSD is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage , and that the annualized relapse rate of NMOSD is increased in the first three to six months…

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