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1. ライソゾーム膜蛋白質2欠損症（糖原病IIb型、ダノン病）lysosome associated membrane protein 2 deficiency glycogen storage disease iib danon disease [show details]
… from the same gene are recognized, and the glycoprotein is involved in lysosomal enzyme targeting, autophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis . A number of point mutations or small deletions or insertions within …without intellectual disability or significant skeletal myopathy, was found to have Danon disease . However, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and intellectual disability were described…
2. サラセミア症候群の分子遺伝学的特性molecular genetics of the thalassemia syndromes [show details]
… chromosome are associated with the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome .… chains may be removed by protein quality-control pathways such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and autophagy . The resulting hemoglobin tetramers are extraordinarily stable; nearly all of hemoglobin formed…
3. 肥大型心筋症：遺伝子変異および臨床遺伝子検査hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene mutations and clinical genetic testing [show details]
…lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), which may be involved in lysosomal enzyme targeting, autophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis . Determining the pathogenicity of a mutation is often done on a probabilistic … X-linked disorder which is characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and variable mental retardation. In those with LAMP2 mutations, the age of onset appears to be younger than in those with PRKAG2…
4. 小児の知的障害：原因の評価intellectual disability in children evaluation for a cause [show details]
… and practical) with varying severity The older term "mental retardation" is no longer used in clinical practice.… heterogeneous group of diseases that are often associated with ID as well as other neurologic, cardiopulmonary, ophthalmologic, or renal findings. These disorders can be caused by mutations in nuclear genes …
5. 小児の知的障害：定義、診断、ニーズアセスメントintellectual disability in children definition diagnosis and assessment of needs [show details]
… impairment is key to defining ID and its severity. The term ID replaces the older term of "mental retardation" . ID severity is defined according to the level of adaptive impairment and the level of support …

「肺」

　　[★]

英: lung
関: 肺区域、肺野、呼吸器の上皮の移行

図：M.78 N.204(肺のリンパ系),197(肺区域)

解剖

重量：右：500g, 左：400g
葉：右3葉、左2葉

右上葉、右中葉、右下葉、左上葉、左下葉

発生

L.247

肺の上皮、喉頭、気管、および気管支の内面を覆う上皮　→　内胚葉
気管および肺の軟骨性要素と筋要素、結合組織　→　中胚葉(臓側中胚葉)

NGY.283

妊娠16週頃：気管、気管支が分岐し腺状構造をなす(腺状期)
妊娠16-24週頃：管状構造を形成し、毛細血管が上皮に接触する。(管状期)

以降、肺胞上皮が二種類に分化し、肺胞が形成される。　　肺表面活性物質

妊娠28週頃：毛細血管が肺胞腔に露出

機能

呼吸

換気#換気(肺)

肺の構造

SSUR.323

区分			気管支腺	軟骨	平滑筋	弾力線維
気管			２＋	３＋	２＋	４＋
葉気管支			２＋	３＋	３＋	３＋
区域-小気管支			２＋	２＋	３＋	３＋
肺小葉	細-終末気管支		－	－	３＋	３＋
	肺胞道	呼吸細気管支	－	－	－	＋
		肺細葉	－	－	－	＋
		肺胞/肺胞嚢	－	－	－	２＋

臨床関連

肺の打診 (M.72)

胸部X線解剖

右第１弓：上大静脈
右第２弓：右心房
左第１弓：大動脈弓
左第２弓：肺動脈幹
左第３弓：左心房(左心耳)
左第４弓：左心室

シルエットサイン

右第2弓：(陽性)[上葉]内側中葉区(S5)、[下葉]内側肺底区(S7)、(陰性)[下葉]上-下葉区(S6)？？？、後肺底区(S10)？？？？　　→　陰性だったら背面の区域、つまりS6,S10と考えて良いのではないだろうか？
左第4弓：(陽性)[上葉]上舌区(S4)、下舌区(S5)、[下葉]前内側肺底区(S7+8)、(陰性)[下葉]上-下葉区(S6)？？？、後肺底区(S10)？？？　→　同様にS6,S10と考えて良いのでは？